10.1 Controls on Drive-Through Facilities

Reduce vehicle emissions.

Description

This measure involves limitations on the operation of drive-through facilities at businesses that provide drive-through service. Examples of these types of businesses are fast food restaurants, banks, and dry cleaners. Limitations may be placed on the operating hours of the facility, usually at peak traffic hours or peak restaurant hours. Prohibitions on construction of new facilities may also be implemented.

Application

Large urban areas.

$\text{Daily Emission Reduction (grams/day)} = A - B + C$

$A = N_{V} \times t_{B} \times \mathit{EF}_{I}$

The amount of idling exhaust emissions generated before the control

$B = (1 - F_{\mathit{PARK}}) \times N_{V} \times t_{A} \times \mathit{EF}_{I}$

The idling exhaust emissions after the control is in place

$C = F_{\mathit{PARK}} \times N_{V} \times (\mathit{TEF}_{\mathit{AUTO}})$

The increase in start exhaust emissions resulting from consumers now parking their vehicle in lieu of idling their vehicle

Variables	(Unit)	Definitions
$\mathit{EF}_{I}$	(grams/hour)	Idling emission factor (NO_X, VOC, PM, or CO)
$F_{\mathit{PARK}}$	(percent)	Percent of vehicles that park instead of using the drive-through facility due to imposed control
$N_{V}$		Average number of vehicles using the drive-through facility
$t_{A}$	(hour)	Time spent in queue after implementation of control
$t_{B}$	(hour)	Time spent in queue before implementation of control
$\mathit{TEF}_{\mathit{AUTO}}$	(grams/trip)	Auto trip-end emission factor (NO_X, VOC, PM, or CO)

Source: Texas A&M Transportation Institute